Abstract:

The presentation covers steps leading to achieve a highly productive (low skin) frac pack completion.  To this effect, it focuses on the long strides that have been taken to address critical but simple subjects that effectively lower skin — proper fluid selection, the correct calibration treatment analysis, and the proper design of the slurry schedule.  Merging field observations to analytical and numerical solutions yields this goal.  A field example — Canyon Express Project – exemplifies the how to do steps.

In particular the presentation addresses:

• The design of fracturing fluids for soft formation where cooldown, fluid velocities and fluid exposure times are important.
• The use of the "equilibrium" method to fine-tune the closure pressure (and fluid efficiency) evaluation.
• The cleaning and packing of perforations not aligned with the fracture.
  The use of diversion techniques to pack the entire reservoir.