Oil and gas are certain to be important parts of energy supply for decades to come. Market conditions have lead to massive cuts in capital expenditures and unsustainably low pricing from many oilfield service vendors. While unconventionals are now a significant part of the world's oil and gas production, major projects (primarily offshore) will continue …

Micro doglegs are a natural effect of any vertical or directional well that can explain a wide variety of down hole problems, from additional torque and drag to an inability to run completions. These doglegs are inherent to the rock drilling process and can generate borehole spiraling in vertical sections or slide­rotary pattern when using steerable mud motor …