Joseph Ayoub is the reservoir and production & completion engineering domains career leader for Schlumberger. Prior to that, he held numerous engineering and operations positions in the U.S., Europe, Africa and the Middle East. Joseph has taught a number of industry seminars and authored over 25 technical papers, mainly in the areas of well testing, hydraulic fracturing, and frac and pack operations. More recently, he has been instrumental in the formation of industry consortia for investigating technical challenges in the areas of stimulation and sand control. Joseph holds an engineering degree and a DEA (Masters) from Ecole Centrale de Paris. He served as an SPE Distinguished Lecturer in 1998-99 on the subject of improving the productivity of sand control completions and was elected an SPE Distinguished Member in 2005.
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Description of presentation:
Significant
improvements have been made in hydraulic fracturing over the past few
decades, particularly in modeling, materials, delivery equipment and
monitoring, and the technology footprint has gone beyond tight or
unconventional gas into higher permeability reservoirs such as frac and
pack applications. Despite its tremendous successes, hydraulic
fracturing often does not deliver its full expected potential. The
literature is replete with examples of treatments in which production
or well test data have indicated an effective fracture length much
shorter than predicted. Among the many factors that can contribute to
this discrepancy are various damage mechanisms that often accompany
hydraulic fracturing treatments.
This presentation will review a number of damage mechanisms associated
with hydraulic fracturing, and their impact will be quantified using a
customized 3-D multiphase reservoir simulator. Of particular interest
is a new understanding of the damage caused by the concentrating of the
frac fluid polymer. Much of this understanding has resulted from an
extensive experimental study conducted by an industry JIP that was
initiated in 2002. It will be shown that contrary to popular belief,
the polymer concentrates only in the filter cake, and a significant
yield stress can result when the filter cake thickness dominates the
proppant pack width. The effect of this yield stress on effective
fracture lengths and techniques for mitigating this problem and
restoring production from the full length of the created fracture will
be discussed.